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Most Americans know that Meriwether Lewis and William Clark led our nation’s first trans-continental exploratory expedition, which was sent west by President Thomas Jefferson in 1803. Their journey is one of the most celebrated events in American history and one of the most written about. But most of us do not know any more than what the explorers told us, or what they wanted readers of their voluminous journals to know, or anything other than what they understood about themselves and their wilderness experiences.
Exploring Lewis and Clark probes beneath the traditional narrative of the journey, looking beyond the perspectives of the explorers themselves to those of the woman and the men who accompanied them, as well as of the Indians who met them along the way.
It reexamines the journals and what they suggest about Lewis’s and Clark’s misinterpretations of the worlds they passed through and the people in them. Thomas Slaughter portrays Lewis and Clark not as heroes but as men—brave, bound by cultural prejudices and blindly hell-bent on achieving their goal.
He searches for the woman Sacajawea rather than the icon that she has become. He seeks the historical rather than the legendary York, Clark’s slave. He discovers what the various tribes made of the expedition, including the notion that this multiracial, multiethnic group was embarked on a search for spiritual meaning.
Thomas Slaughter shines an entirely new light on an event basic to our understanding of ourselves. He has given us an important work of investigative history.
- Sales Rank: #2047972 in Books
- Published on: 2003-01-14
- Released on: 2003-01-14
- Original language: English
- Number of items: 1
- Dimensions: 9.51" h x .91" w x 6.48" l,
- Binding: Hardcover
- 256 pages
Amazon.com Review
The story of the Lewis and Clark expedition is one of America's most enduring myths. Of the hundreds of books that have been written on the subject, many perpetuate the heroism of the Corps of Discovery above all else, often at the expense of accuracy. Thomas Slaughter takes a different approach in this fascinating book, choosing to "look beneath the explorers' narrative for different meanings than those they intended us to find," reminding readers in the process that the journals have generally, and mistakenly, been "read as fonts of fact rather than as honed reflections designed for effect." Undoubtedly, some will label this revisionism, but Slaughter sees it as an opportunity to discover what the explorers' true thoughts and experiences were. He explains: "My observations are intended as correctives to our readings, usages, and understanding of the journals, not as a knock on the journalists or what they wrote. All texts are vulnerable to close readings, but explorers' journals are interestingly, revealingly, and essentially so."
Not surprisingly, the myths scarcely hold up to such scrutiny. For instance, Lewis and Clark were not the first white men to travel overland to the Pacific coast, but they often tried to ignore this unpleasant fact by renaming places or landmarks along the way. The importance of "opening the West" is also called into question: "westward movement would have continued without a moment's hesitation had all the expedition members died on the trail," Slaughter writes. He also looks at the lives and roles of Sacajawea and York, Clark's slave, explaining how their status within the group has been exaggerated as a way to make the expedition seem more democratic than it truly was. Slaughter even surmises that the notorious gaps in Lewis's journal and his reluctance to publish it upon their return may have been because Lewis saw the journey as a failure, and therefore felt there was nothing significant to document for posterity.
This book is no exercise in political correctness; rather, Slaughter digs deeply into the available evidence to offer a different perspective on the journey that helped define America, proving that yet another book on Lewis and Clark is not only welcome, but necessary. --Shawn Carkonen
From Publishers Weekly
In this interesting but overwrought reconsideration of the Lewis and Clark expedition, Slaughter (The Natures of John and William Bartram) performs a "deep reading" of the travelers' journals and examines contemporaneous sources to probe the lines between history and myth. His investigation, which is thematic rather than chronological, suggests that the fable of Sacajawea's leading role in the expedition disguises the fact that she was a slave ("we have mythologized our history by denying her enslavement, her life, and her voice"), and that the explorers were the first wave of environmental despoliation, bolstering their masculinity by slaughtering buffalo, bears and especially snakes. The expedition was a clash of civilizations, pitting the Indian's holistic worldview, in which " the past and the present, nature and human are one," and "the white men's distinction between waking and dreaming makes no sense," against Lewis and Clark's rational, secular mindset, which was stuck in "linear, sequential time" and oblivious to the "spiritual implications of hunting." Slaughter's revisionism-especially his account of the contentious relations between Clark and his slave York, and his skepticism about the explorers' complaints of Indian thievery-often provide a needed corrective. But some may find his theorizing about the ways in which the expedition serves as "a better guide to our souls than...to our skins" overly academic-not hard to follow, but somewhat difficult to swallow.
Copyright 2003 Reed Business Information, Inc.
From Library Journal
In a series of fascinating essays, Slaughter (Andrew V. Tackes Professor of History, Notre Dame) utilizes the journals of explorers Lewis and Clark to investigate their epic journey and its subsequent mythical status. What becomes quickly apparent is that these were imperfect men who have become legends. As with all legends, only part of the story is true. For example, many believe that the journals of Lewis and Clark are original notes taken in the field on a daily basis. Actually, some of the entries were written days after an event, and the journals were edited many times by the explorers and finally by a multitude of editors. Various essays explore the Corp of Discovery's relationship with the game they hunted, their view of possessions and how this created conflicts with the Native Americans they met, and even the Corp's experiences with snakes. Two interesting essays look at how York (Clark's slave) and Sacajawea were depicted in the journals, the conflicting theories surrounding what happened to them after 1806, and the modern usage of these slaves to illustrate the supposed all-inclusive nature of the expedition. Highly recommended.
Margaret Atwater-Singer, Univ. of Evansville Libs., IN
Copyright 2002 Reed Business Information, Inc.
Most helpful customer reviews
9 of 10 people found the following review helpful.
Read after Journals and Ambrose
By A Customer
This may be a good book to read after you've read the Journals and Ambrose's book Undaunted Courage.
The title Exploring Lewis and Clark: Reflections on Men and Wilderness is apt. This books reads more like eight long essay with footnotes.
Slaughter compares Lewis and Clark values and views with that of the Indians they encountered. He considers the difference between dream states (natives) and rational scientific explanations (L&C) for the phenomena they experienced.
One chapter looks at the role of Sacajawea and deeply explores the two versions of her death. Another chapter looks at York and his role in the expedition and what happened between York and Clark afterwards.
This book is essentially an interpretation of the journals, as 90 % of his citations are from the journals themselves.
The tone is often sarcastic and critical and even tries to be cute. I found myself challenging and disagreeing with many of Slaughter's assertions.
The chapter on hunting was fascinating. It describes the Native view of hunting versus Lewis and Clark's view of killing.
Here and there I found things to think about in this book and different ways of looking at episodes of the expedition already much documented. If you are a fan of the expedition, you should find some provocative ideas here, and it is worth wading through the mire to reach them.
4 of 6 people found the following review helpful.
A Niche Product
By Edward G. Keating
"Exploring Lewis and Clark" makes some interesting points about Lewis & Clark, somewhat in the spirit of being the devil's advocate.
Slaughter is clearly trying to draw a contrast between the worshipful view of L&C popularized by Stephen Ambrose and Ken Burns and what Slaughter views as the reality. Slaughter notes, for instance, that L&C hunted excessively, repeatedly stole from Indians, and generally exaggerated their historical importance. Slaughter also has a very interesting discussion of the life of Sacajawea and the possibility she lived longer than is conventionally acknowledged.
All this said, this is very much a niche product. One has to know a great deal about the L&C journey prior to reading this book. I would also suggest that it's a relatively thin book. I think Slaughter's interesting points probably could have been presented in 30 or 40 pages, but he has puffed it up to somewhat get to a book length.
14 of 19 people found the following review helpful.
Required Reading
By Robert Mikrut
To me, this book ranks near the top of the list with Abert Furtwangler's "Acts of Discovery" (ISBN 0252063066) and Lavender's "The Way To The Western Sea" (ISBN 0803280033), though more iconoclastic than either of those. (And to be clear, my list is of books on Lewis and Clark that are worth reading.)
Slaughter's book, particularly, can give one a much needed perspective on the expedition. All too often, historical events like this are treated with a overabundance of hero-worship and, even worse, sentimentality. It's not that we don't need heros, but that we should remember that they are also human.
"Exploring.." deals with several touchy issues: slavery; indian relationships; hunting in the form of indiscrimimant killing, etc. Many, if not most, treatments of Lewis and Clark (Lewisandclark, Lewis N. Clark, etc) either gloss over or dismiss these. Such events as the vote on where to place Fort Clatsop are given a more realistic lighting in Slaughter book.
Writing on these kind of topics can often, these days, take on a rather annoying smell of the PC, but "Exploring.." never has that odor. It may harm a few of your more cherished and warmly held myths about the Corps of Discovery, but this is history about real people. The event deserves more than a comic book or movie version simplistic approach, an antidote well supplied by "Exploring..".
I suspect that some who read this book may find it too harsh on the exedition members. I hope not. We can still be impressed with their ability to survive and complete their mission, one that few of us today would be tough enough to handle. But we can also acquire a feeling that in a lot of respects, they were no better than most of us.
I don't know if that's good or bad, but it's at least real.
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